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Tramadol is a medication used to manage severe to moderate pain in persons over the age of 16. It is an analgesic of the opiate agonist family of drugs; it is not an opiate and not a narcotic. Doctors prefer Tramadol to narcotic prescriptions because, in comparison, Tramadol generally has fewer side effects. It is also a very good alternative pain treatment for those who are unable to tolerate narcotic pain medications.

Tramadol is quick acting; in as little as a half hour the patient may feel the effects of the medication. It is this fast action that is one of the advantageous benefits of this drug. Tramadol works by tricking the brain into not recognizing pain; it blocks the receptors in the brain from receiving pain signals. Interestingly, this is how narcotics function and is why Tramadol is often termed “opiate-like or narcotic-like.”

There are two main formulations of the medication Tramadol (brand name Ultram). There is a regular formulation and an extended release (ER) formulation so that both short and long term pain may be addressed concurrently. Used more for short term pain, the regular form is designed for use every 4-6 hours, or as directed by a physician. It is very quick acting and alleviates pain within about a half hour. The extended release form of Tramadol is used more for long term or chronic pain situations. This tablet is coated to allow for timed release of the medication over a 24 hour period; it is taken once daily for 24 hour relief.

The most common formulation of Tramadol is as a pill. There are various forms of pills available such as capsules, extended release capsules, tablets, extended release tablets, chewable tablets and tablets that are not coated for sublingual use.

In addition to pill form, Tramadol is also available as an injectable that may be administered either intramuscular or intravenously. As an injectable, Tramadol may be combined with another analgesic, acetaminophen, and administered through a patient controlled Analgesia Pump. Other forms of Tramadol include effervescent powders, powders for compounding, suppositories, sterile solution for IV injection, preservative free solution for spinal injection and Tramadol in liquid form in dropper and pump bottles for oral or sublingual applications. These are all current formulations of Tramadol that are in use today.

Research continues to develop new ways to administer Tramadol. It has been tested in the form of a transdermal patch, rectal foam, enema, topical gels, creams and liquids. The taste of Tramadol is characteristically slightly bitter but not as strong as codeine or morphine. Oral liquid formulations are available with or without flavoring to improve the taste. Transmucousal (sublingual, rectal, buccal) effectiveness is comparable to codeine. Similar to codeine, Tramadol is metabolized in the liver.

As you can see, there are a wide variety of methods by which a patient may be administered Tramadol. As with any medication of this type, prolonged use can lead to dependency on the drug. The risk of developing dependency to Tramadol is less than the risk associated with a narcotic, such as morphine though. This and the fact that the side effects encountered while using Tramadol are less severe than potential side effects expected with narcotic pain medication leads doctors to prefer Tramadol in many circumstances. Tramadol is currently available in many convenient formulations, but research continues to find more ways to administer Tramadol safely and simply as a tool for managing pain.